First aid responders on the scene: What matters when an accident occurs

When someone is the first to at the scene of an accident, they often aren’t sure what to do. Many feel overwhelmed, uncertain, or hesitant. However, in these moments, it is crucial to act and provide first aid. What is a first aider allowed to do, what are they required to do when first aid is needed, and where does their responsibility end? Sabine Brandl, a lawyer at ERGO Rechtsschutz Leistungs-GmbH, clarifies.

What many don’t know: First aid is not a voluntary gesture

In Germany, everyone is required to provide first aid in an emergency, prodided it is reasonable and does not put the first aider in danger. Failing to help is a criminal offence under §323c of the Criminal Code. The law also protects those who help, because anyone who obstructs or hinders a first aider is also commiting a crime. Other regulations ensure that people who provide first aid are only liable in exceptional cases—namely, if harm is caused deliberately or gross negligence. The latter could be, for example, failing to secure the accident scene. If someone accidentally breaks a rib while performing chest compressions, they are generally not liable. “Mistakes can happen, but the main thing is to act,” says Sabine Brandl.

Safety first

Anyone giving first aid must first make sure they are safe. An unsecured accident site can quickly lead to further accidents. Therefore, the rule is: assess the situation and look for hazards. These include moving traffic, leaking liquids, power lines, or fire. Then, put on a high-visibility vest, secure the scene, and offer assistance. “Securing the scene means switching on hazard lights, putting out a warning triangle, and, if necessary, calling for additional help,” explains ERGO legal expert Brandl. The warning triangle should be placed 50 metres away in town, 100 metres on country roads, and at least 150 metres on motorways. Additionally, it may be necessary to move injured persons out of danger if possible.

Immediate assistance

Every minute counts at the scene of an accident. That’s why it is important to stay calm and keep a clear head. The first person on the scene, after securing the area, should call emergency services at 112. “The are four crucial questions: Where did it happen? What happened? How many people are involved? What injuries are present? And finally, wait for further questions,” explains Brandl.

Then, begin first aid measures:

• Check breathing and consciousness
• Perform CPR if needed until emergency services arrive
• Control bleeding
• Reassure the affected person take steps to prevent shock
• Place the person in the recovery position

“Many are afraid of making a mistake. But the biggest risk is doing nothing,” emphasises Brandl. People are often frightened, confused, or shocked after an accident. Reassuring words and eye contact can help calm them and make initial care easier. It is also important to proceed systemati-cally and coordinate tasks with other first responders if needed. Providing support to those involved also constitutes first aid.

Preparation protects in emergencies

A first aid course teaches all the essential steps, such as the recovery position or how to call emergency services. “That’s why it’s a good idea to refresh your training every few years,” adds the expert. But preparation is not just about knowledge; practical readiness matters too. A fully stocked first aid kit and accessible high-visibility vests should always be in the car.

Possible providers of first aid courses include:

• German Red Cross (Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, DRK)
• Malteser
• ADAC
• Local commercial course providers